5 Childhood Illnesses that Result in Fever

Understanding Fevers in Children

A fever is one of the most common signs that a child’s immune system is fighting off an illness. When a child’s body temperature rises above the normal range of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, it often signals an infection—either viral or bacterial. Fevers themselves aren’t illnesses; instead, they act as a natural response to help the body battle invaders. While most healthy children experience mild fevers throughout childhood, parents should know when it’s time to seek medical attention.

Common causes of childhood fevers include upper respiratory infections, ear infections, and conditions like strep throat or scarlet fever. In some rare cases, high fevers may trigger a febrile seizure, especially in younger children, which can be alarming but usually doesn’t indicate a long-term problem.

What is Considered a Fever?

A typical body temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit plus or minus about one degree. A fever is defined as temperature consistently at 100.4° F (38° C) or higher. A high fever is defined at 104° F (40° C).

Call your doctor right away if your child is younger than 3 months (12 weeks) and has a temperature of 100.4° F (38° C) or higher, or your child of any age has a fever rising above 104° F (40° C). In each of these cases, the child may need immediate medical attention.

How to Assess a Fever

You can take your child’s temperature in a variety of ways.

• Rectal, Oral, or Under the Arm, using a digital thermometer
• Oral: don’t use before 4 years of age
• Forehead:  using a specially designed digital thermometer
• Caution: ear temperatures are not accurate before 6 months of age
• Caution: forehead temperatures must be digital. Strips are not accurate

By recognizing the signs of fever and knowing when to contact a healthcare provider, parents can ensure they respond appropriately to their sick child’s symptoms. Below we will explore five common childhood illnesses that cause fevers, helping parents better understand what to expect and how to manage these conditions.

1. Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

Upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold, flu, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are among the most frequent childhood illnesses that cause fever. These infections affect the nose, throat, and airways, leading to symptoms that can disrupt a child’s normal activities, especially in school-aged children. While these illnesses are usually caused by viral infections, they can make a child feel quite uncomfortable and require care to prevent complications.

Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Infections:

• Fever (mild to high, depending on the severity)
• Runny nose, cough, and sore throat
• Fatigue and irritability
• In some cases, difficulty breathing or wheezing

Managing Fever in Upper Respiratory Infections:

1. Monitor the child’s temperature regularly: Using a digital thermometer ensures accurate readings. A rectal temperature may provide the most reliable result, especially for young children.
2. Ensure proper hydration: Encourage fluids like water, broth, or electrolyte solutions to prevent dehydration.
3. Offer fever-reducing medication if needed: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given in the correct dose to lower the fever and keep the child comfortable.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider:

• If the fever persists for more than three days
• Signs of difficulty breathing or severe cough develop
• If the child experiences a febrile seizure or is unusually lethargic

Upper respiratory infections can often be managed at home with rest and fluids. However, it’s important to remain in close contact with your child’s healthcare provider to ensure the illness is not progressing into something more serious, such as an ear infection or pneumonia. With proper care and monitoring, most children recover fully and return to their normal activities within 3-7 days.

2. Ear Infections and Their Impact on Fever

Ear infections are another common cause of fever in children, particularly in younger children following a respiratory illness. These infections occur when fluid builds up in the middle ear, often because of a viral or bacterial infection. They can cause pain and discomfort, making it difficult for a child to sleep, eat, or engage in normal activities.

Symptoms of Ear Infections:

• Fever, which may be high in severe cases
• Tugging or pulling at the ear
• Fussiness or irritability
• Trouble hearing or responding to sounds
• Fluid draining from the ear in some cases

Managing Fever in Ear Infections:

1. Monitor the fever carefully: Use a digital thermometer to check the child’s temperature. If the temperature reaches 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, it may indicate a more serious infection.
2. Provide comfort and pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce both fever and ear pain. Ensure the correct dose based on the child’s weight and age.
3. Encourage rest and hydration: Rest allows the child’s immune system to fight the infection, while fluids prevent dehydration.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider:

• If the fever persists for more than 48 hours
• If the child experiences significant ear pain or hearing loss
• If there is fluid draining from the ear or signs of a febrile seizure

While many ear infections resolve on their own, some cases—especially those caused by bacterial infections—may require antibiotics. A healthcare provider can determine if medication is needed. Timely care can help prevent complications, such as hearing problems or recurring infections. With appropriate treatment, most children recover quickly and return to normal activities.

3. Strep Throat and Scarlet Fever

Strep throat is a common bacterial infection that can lead to a sore throat, swollen glands, and fever. If left untreated, strep throat can sometimes progress into scarlet fever, a condition marked by a distinctive red rash along with a high temperature. Both conditions primarily affect school-aged children and spread easily through close contact, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

Symptoms of Strep Throat and Scarlet Fever:

• Sudden sore throat without a runny nose or cough
• Fever that can become high if untreated
• Swollen tonsils and white patches or red dots in the throat
• Red rash on the trunk part of the body, a key sign of scarlet fever
• Difficulty swallowing or swollen lymph nodes

Managing Fever and Symptoms of Strep Infections:

1. Consult with a healthcare provider promptly: Strep throat requires antibiotics to prevent complications.
2. Provide symptom relief: Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce fever and ease the sore throat. Ensure you give the correct dose based on your child’s weight and age.
3. Encourage rest and fluids: Rest helps the child’s immune system fight the infection. Offer soothing fluids like warm tea or broth to keep them hydrated.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider:

• If a high fever or rash develops
• If a sore throat persists longer than 48 hours or worsens
• If your child shows signs of febrile seizures or extreme fatigue

Strep throat and scarlet fever can lead to complications if not treated promptly, including kidney inflammation or rheumatic fever. With early treatment, most children recover quickly and can return to school and other normal activities within a few days. Timely care from a healthcare provider helps prevent these infections from becoming serious.

4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Fever

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections that affect the urinary system and can lead to fever, especially in younger children. UTIs can cause significant discomfort and may become more serious if left untreated. Identifying symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention is essential to prevent complications, such as kidney infections.

Symptoms of UTIs in Children:

• Fever, which may be the only symptom in very young children
• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Increased urgency or frequency of urination
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Managing Fever and UTI Symptoms:

1. Consult with your child’s healthcare provider: UTIs require antibiotics for treatment. The healthcare provider will determine the appropriate medication after evaluating your child’s symptoms.
2. Monitor the child’s fever closely: Use a digital thermometer to check any changes in body temperature, especially if the fever is high or persistent.
3. Encourage fluid intake: Drinking water helps flush out bacteria and supports recovery. Offer plenty of fluids throughout the day.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider:

• If the fever persists despite treatment
• If your child experiences febrile seizures or unusual lethargy
• If symptoms worsen or there are signs of dehydration

With early intervention, most children recover from UTIs without complications. However, in rare cases, untreated infections can lead to more serious conditions, such as kidney infections. Regular follow-ups with your child’s healthcare provider are important to ensure the infection is fully cleared and your child can resume normal activities.

5. Viral Infections and Their Connection to Fever

Viral infections are a leading cause of fever in children. Many viral illnesses, including the flu, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and respiratory infections, can trigger a fever as the body fights off the infection. While these fevers are often manageable, they can still cause discomfort and impact your child’s daily activities. Knowing how to care for a child with a viral infection and when to seek additional guidance is essential for a smooth recovery.

Symptoms of Viral Infections:

• Fever that may vary in intensity (mild to high)
• Runny nose, cough, or congestion
• Fatigue, loss of appetite, and irritability
• Rash or sore throat, depending on the illness
• Body aches and chills, particularly with the flu

Managing Fever in Viral Infections:

1. Monitor body temperature: Use a digital thermometer to track your child’s fever. A rectal temperature may be more accurate for younger children.
2. Encourage fluids and rest: Hydration is key to recovery, and plenty of rest supports the immune system in fighting the infection.
3. Use fever reducers as needed: Administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen in the correct dose to manage discomfort and lower the fever.

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider:

• If your child is less than 3 months old and has a fever
• If the fever persists beyond three days or worsens
• If your child has trouble breathing, severe fatigue, or febrile seizures
• If the child shows signs of dehydration or becomes unusually drowsy

In most cases, viral fevers resolve on their own without antibiotics, as the body’s immune system clears the infection. However, it’s important to monitor symptoms closely and consult with your child’s healthcare provider if you have concerns.

Viral infections are an unavoidable part of childhood, but with the right care and attention, most children recover quickly. In rare cases, a viral illness can lead to complications, so it’s crucial to stay vigilant. Your child’s healthcare provider can offer additional guidance and ensure the best course of treatment if needed.

How to Prevent Future Fever Episodes

Common childhood illnesses are part of growing up; however, they can be minimized.  Preventing infection episodes, which come with fevers, often involves a combination of lifestyle adjustments and proactive health practices to support a strong immune system. Here are key strategies to minimize the risk:

• Maintain regular well-child exams: These visits help monitor your child’s health and catch potential issues early.
• Ensure vaccinations are up to date: Immunizations protect against common childhood illnesses that can cause fever.
• Teach proper hygiene practices: Frequent handwashing reduces the risk of viral illnesses spreading through close contact.
• Boost Immunity: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides essential nutrients to strengthen immunity. Incorporate foods high in vitamins C and D, zinc, and antioxidants to support overall health.
• Avoid Overcrowded Spaces: During peak illness seasons, limit exposure to crowded environments where germs can spread easily.
• Hydrate and Rest: Encourage adequate water intake and quality sleep, as both are critical for maintaining a resilient immune system.
• Manage Stress: Chronic stress can weaken immunity. Engage in relaxing activities such as exercise, meditation, or hobbies.

By prioritizing these measures, you can reduce the frequency of infections and support long-term wellness, lowering the chances of recurring fevers. If you have concerns about fever prevention or need additional guidance, the pediatric team at Metro Pediatrics is here to help. Our providers are dedicated to supporting your family’s health and well-being, offering expert care when you need it most.

Partner with Metro Pediatrics for Fever and Illness Care

Fevers are a common symptom of many childhood illnesses, from viral infections to bacterial conditions like ear infections and strep throat. Most fevers are a sign of your child fighting infection, and not a concern.

While most fevers can be managed at home with rest, hydration, and careful monitoring, there are times when medical attention is needed to ensure your child’s health and safety. Recognizing when a fever might signal something more serious, such as febrile seizures or respiratory difficulty, is essential for timely intervention.

At Metro Pediatrics, our dedicated team of pediatric providers understands the challenges of caring for a sick child. We are committed to offering expert guidance, whether you need help managing a high fever, treating an ear infection, or navigating more complex conditions like scarlet fever or urinary tract infections.

If your child is experiencing a fever or other concerning symptoms, contact us for additional guidance and support. Our goal is to help your child recover quickly and get back to normal activities, ensuring their well-being every step of the way.

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Schedule an appointment today and let us partner with you in keeping your family healthy and thriving.